Understanding Epicondylitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow, is a benign, yet painful condition that affects the tendons around the elbow joint. Despite the sporty nicknames, this condition can affect anyone who performs repetitive arm or wrist movements — whether you’re an athlete, a painter, or someone who types all day.

Epicondylitis is a form of tendinitis, which means inflammation or microtears in the tendons that attach to the epicondyles — bony bumps on the elbow. There are two main types:

·       Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): Affects the outer part of the elbow.

·       Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow): Affects the inner part of the elbow.

Symptoms

The symptoms vary slightly depending on the type, but generally include:

·       Pain or burning on the outer (lateral) or inner (medial) part of the elbow

·       Weak grip strength

·       Pain that worsens with wrist or hand movements

·       Tenderness around the elbow joint

·       Difficulty lifting or holding objects

These symptoms often develop gradually and can worsen over time if not treated.

Causes

Epicondylitis is typically degenerative in nature but can be exacerbated by trauma, overuse or repetitive stress on the forearm muscles and tendons. Common activities that can lead to this condition include:

·       Racquet sports (tennis, squash)

·       Golf

·       Carpentry

·       Painting or gardening

·       Lifting

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider can usually diagnose epicondylitis through a physical exam and a review of your medical history. In some cases, imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options

1. Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that trigger pain and use ergonomic tools or modify your technique.

2. Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen can reduce inflammation and pain.

3. Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises for the forearm. Manual therapy and ultrasound treatments are also beneficial.

4. Bracing: A forearm strap or elbow brace can reduce strain on the tendons.

5. Injections: Corticosteroid or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may be used for persistent cases.

6. Surgery: Reserved for severe cases that don’t respond to other treatments after 6–12 months. Surgery involves removing damaged tendon tissue.

Recovery and Prevention

Recovery can take weeks to months depending on severity. To prevent recurrence:

·       Warm up before activities.

·       Strengthen forearm muscles.

·       Use proper technique and equipment.

·       Take frequent breaks during repetitive tasks.

Conclusion:

Epicondylitis is a manageable condition with the right combination of rest, therapy, and sometimes medical intervention. If you’re experiencing persistent elbow pain, consult your healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.